蔡燕 十二月份理论学习

时间:2025/12/9 14:09:51 来源:段玉裁实验小学城西分校 字体显示:大 中小 阅读:

                   素养导向下跨学科主题学习的现实困境

(一)学科壁垒固化:融合流于“表面拼接”

长期以来的分科教学体系,使教师形成了“学科本位”的思维定式,这成为跨学科融合的首要障碍。一方面,部分教师对跨学科学习的价值认知不足,将其视为“额外负担”,担心参与跨学科教学会影响本学科教学进度与学生考试成绩,因而缺乏主动融合的动力。另一方面,即便开展跨学科活动,也多停留在“形式化拼接”层面——如语文与历史结合仅停留在“用语文文本解读历史事件”,数学与科学结合仅满足于“用数学公式计算科学数据”,未能挖掘学科间的内在逻辑关联,无法形成“1+1>2”的素养发展合力。
同时,学校的教研机制也加剧了学科壁垒。多数学校的教研活动以学科为单位开展,跨学科教研缺乏常态化平台,教师难以在专业交流中形成跨学科教学能力,导致跨学科主题设计往往“重形式、轻内涵”,无法精准对接核心素养的培养目标。

(二)目标定位模糊:素养培养“悬在空中”

核心素养的“综合性”“情境性”特征,要求跨学科主题学习的目标必须突破单一学科知识目标的局限,指向学生解决真实问题的综合能力。但实践中,许多跨学科主题学习陷入“目标迷失”的困境:一是目标设定“窄化”,仍以学科知识掌握为核心,将跨学科学习等同于“学科知识的延伸应用”,忽视了批判性思维、合作探究、创新实践等核心素养的培养;二是目标设定“泛化”,过于强调“综合素养”的宏观表述,缺乏具体可操作、可评价的细化目标,导致教学过程中教师“无从下手”,学生“学无方向”。
例如,某“生态保护”主题跨学科活动,仅围绕“生物学科的生态系统知识”“地理学科的环境分布”展开,未设计“提出生态保护方案”“撰写公益宣传文案”等实践任务,最终学生仅掌握了零散的学科知识,而“社会责任感”“实践创新素养”的培养流于空谈。

(三)实施保障不足:支撑体系“力有不逮”

跨学科主题学习的有效开展,需要课程资源、师资队伍、评价机制等多方面的系统支撑,而这些支撑体系的缺失或不完善,成为制约其发展的“硬伤”。在资源供给上,适合跨学科学习的校本课程、真实情境素材、跨学科实验设备等严重不足,教师需花费大量时间自行搜集、整合资源,增加了教学负担;在师资力量上,多数教师仅具备单一学科的教学能力,缺乏跨学科知识储备和主题设计能力,难以引导学生进行深度的跨学科探究;在时间安排上,传统课时制以40-45分钟为单位,而跨学科主题学习往往需要较长的探究周期,碎片化的课时无法满足其需求,导致学习过程“浅尝辄止”。

(四)评价机制滞后:反馈导向“偏离初衷”

评价是教学的“指挥棒”,而当前的评价机制与跨学科主题学习的素养导向严重脱节。一方面,评价内容聚焦“结果性知识”,以书面考试为主,侧重考查学生对各学科知识点的掌握程度,无法评价学生在探究过程中形成的合作能力、创新思维等核心素养;另一方面,评价主体单一,多由教师主导评价,缺乏学生自评、互评以及基于真实成果的多元评价,难以全面反映学生的素养发展水平。这种“重知识、轻过程”“重结果、轻素养”的评价方式,使得跨学科主题学习失去了正确的导向,最终不得不向“应试需求”妥协。

2”的素养发展合力。"},"attribs":{"0":"*0+6g"}},"apool":{"numToAttrib":{"0":["author","3499066115491536"]},"nextNum":1}},"type":"text"}},"UKApfIFomdNSQEc1Pugceof4nHe":{"id":"UKApfIFomdNSQEc1Pugceof4nHe","snapshot":{"type":"text","parent_id":"Mgb6fJ3cRdk9OYcJclJct6Lqn3d","comments":[],"revisions":[],"locked":false,"hidden":false,"author":"3499066115491536","children":[],"text":{"initialAttributedTexts":{"text":{"0":"同时,学校的教研机制也加剧了学科壁垒。多数学校的教研活动以学科为单位开展,跨学科教研缺乏常态化平台,教师难以在专业交流中形成跨学科教学能力,导致跨学科主题设计往往“重形式、轻内涵”,无法精准对接核心素养的培养目标。"},"attribs":{"0":"*0+2z"}},"apool":{"numToAttrib":{"0":["author","3499066115491536"]},"nextNum":1}},"align":""}},"UvOCfq8UpdvrOYc2EXachxKwnyg":{"id":"UvOCfq8UpdvrOYc2EXachxKwnyg","snapshot":{"type":"heading2","parent_id":"Mgb6fJ3cRdk9OYcJclJct6Lqn3d","comments":[],"revisions":[],"locked":false,"hidden":false,"author":"3499066115491536","children":[],"text":{"initialAttributedTexts":{"text":{"0":"(二)目标定位模糊:素养培养“悬在空中”"},"attribs":{"0":"*0+k"}},"apool":{"numToAttrib":{"0":["author","3499066115491536"]},"nextNum":1}},"align":""}},"GSqJfAH6XdBVIUc0wVscszcKnld":{"id":"GSqJfAH6XdBVIUc0wVscszcKnld","snapshot":{"type":"text","parent_id":"Mgb6fJ3cRdk9OYcJclJct6Lqn3d","comments":[],"revisions":[],"locked":false,"hidden":false,"author":"3499066115491536","children":[],"text":{"initialAttributedTexts":{"text":{"0":"核心素养的“综合性”“情境性”特征,要求跨学科主题学习的目标必须突破单一学科知识目标的局限,指向学生解决真实问题的综合能力。但实践中,许多跨学科主题学习陷入“目标迷失”的困境:一是目标设定“窄化”,仍以学科知识掌握为核心,将跨学科学习等同于“学科知识的延伸应用”,忽视了批判性思维、合作探究、创新实践等核心素养的培养;二是目标设定“泛化”,过于强调“综合素养”的宏观表述,缺乏具体可操作、可评价的细化目标,导致教学过程中教师“无从下手”,学生“学无方向”。"},"attribs":{"0":"*0+6c"}},"apool":{"numToAttrib":{"0":["author","3499066115491536"]},"nextNum":1}},"align":""}},"IC44fcMsndJ75mcsMZrcSusxnHh":{"id":"IC44fcMsndJ75mcsMZrcSusxnHh","snapshot":{"type":"text","parent_id":"Mgb6fJ3cRdk9OYcJclJct6Lqn3d","comments":[],"revisions":[],"locked":false,"hidden":false,"author":"3499066115491536","children":[],"text":{"initialAttributedTexts":{"text":{"0":"例如,某“生态保护”主题跨学科活动,仅围绕“生物学科的生态系统知识”“地理学科的环境分布”展开,未设计“提出生态保护方案”“撰写公益宣传文案”等实践任务,最终学生仅掌握了零散的学科知识,而“社会责任感”“实践创新素养”的培养流于空谈。"},"attribs":{"0":"*0+39"}},"apool":{"numToAttrib":{"0":["author","3499066115491536"]},"nextNum":1}},"align":""}},"Hv1Hf749rd7R5WciPKxcsU0hn8g":{"id":"Hv1Hf749rd7R5WciPKxcsU0hn8g","snapshot":{"type":"heading2","parent_id":"Mgb6fJ3cRdk9OYcJclJct6Lqn3d","comments":[],"revisions":[],"locked":false,"hidden":false,"author":"3499066115491536","children":[],"text":{"initialAttributedTexts":{"text":{"0":"(三)实施保障不足:支撑体系“力有不逮”"},"attribs":{"0":"*0+k"}},"apool":{"numToAttrib":{"0":["author","3499066115491536"]},"nextNum":1}},"align":""}},"KoXRfAQG7dmKrQc0qTicvR3hnUb":{"id":"KoXRfAQG7dmKrQc0qTicvR3hnUb","snapshot":{"type":"text","parent_id":"Mgb6fJ3cRdk9OYcJclJct6Lqn3d","comments":[],"revisions":[],"locked":false,"hidden":false,"author":"3499066115491536","children":[],"text":{"initialAttributedTexts":{"text":{"0":"跨学科主题学习的有效开展,需要课程资源、师资队伍、评价机制等多方面的系统支撑,而这些支撑体系的缺失或不完善,成为制约其发展的“硬伤”。在资源供给上,适合跨学科学习的校本课程、真实情境素材、跨学科实验设备等严重不足,教师需花费大量时间自行搜集、整合资源,增加了教学负担;在师资力量上,多数教师仅具备单一学科的教学能力,缺乏跨学科知识储备和主题设计能力,难以引导学生进行深度的跨学科探究;在时间安排上,传统课时制以40-45分钟为单位,而跨学科主题学习往往需要较长的探究周期,碎片化的课时无法满足其需求,导致学习过程“浅尝辄止”。"},"attribs":{"0":"*0+7b"}},"apool":{"numToAttrib":{"0":["author","3499066115491536"]},"nextNum":1}},"align":""}},"QSOIfQcrddLxpnczGo5c2k8TnIh":{"id":"QSOIfQcrddLxpnczGo5c2k8TnIh","snapshot":{"type":"heading2","parent_id":"Mgb6fJ3cRdk9OYcJclJct6Lqn3d","comments":[],"revisions":[],"locked":false,"hidden":false,"author":"3499066115491536","children":[],"text":{"initialAttributedTexts":{"text":{"0":"(四)评价机制滞后:反馈导向“偏离初衷”"},"attribs":{"0":"*0+k"}},"apool":{"numToAttrib":{"0":["author","3499066115491536"]},"nextNum":1}},"align":""}},"F6jJfWhYhdAiwacIFxLcT2J0nZd":{"id":"F6jJfWhYhdAiwacIFxLcT2J0nZd","snapshot":{"type":"text","parent_id":"Mgb6fJ3cRdk9OYcJclJct6Lqn3d","comments":[],"revisions":[],"locked":false,"hidden":false,"author":"3499066115491536","children":[],"text":{"initialAttributedTexts":{"text":{"0":"评价是教学的“指挥棒”,而当前的评价机制与跨学科主题学习的素养导向严重脱节。一方面,评价内容聚焦“结果性知识”,以书面考试为主,侧重考查学生对各学科知识点的掌握程度,无法评价学生在探究过程中形成的合作能力、创新思维等核心素养;另一方面,评价主体单一,多由教师主导评价,缺乏学生自评、互评以及基于真实成果的多元评价,难以全面反映学生的素养发展水平。这种“重知识、轻过程”“重结果、轻素养”的评价方式,使得跨学科主题学习失去了正确的导向,最终不得不向“应试需求”妥协。"},"attribs":{"0":"*0+6g"}},"apool":{"numToAttrib":{"0":["author","3499066115491536"]},"nextNum":1}},"align":""}},"Mgb6fJ3cRdk9OYcJclJct6Lqn3d":{"id":"Mgb6fJ3cRdk9OYcJclJct6Lqn3d","snapshot":{"align":"","author":"3499066115491536","children":["KgNMfCeo1dhukwcwYBXcWNWonpf","Qyo0fblYCd2SDIcHx2AcBwCNnWf","WUqrf9MBYdFxQycVmbMc0EUenGC","QeAAfjzm1dzKdBckWODcsJCqnBh","UKApfIFomdNSQEc1Pugceof4nHe","UvOCfq8UpdvrOYc2EXachxKwnyg","GSqJfAH6XdBVIUc0wVscszcKnld","IC44fcMsndJ75mcsMZrcSusxnHh","Hv1Hf749rd7R5WciPKxcsU0hn8g","KoXRfAQG7dmKrQc0qTicvR3hnUb","QSOIfQcrddLxpnczGo5c2k8TnIh","F6jJfWhYhdAiwacIFxLcT2J0nZd","B5ROfay7fd7jobcttZdcfBmjnOf","Qm1rf4d6tdIwPuc8VbmcHMtvnYd","I5aLfdMoFdtcKScKcsLcwZtfnbg"],"comment_container_id":"Zn5DfKRZTdAjHKcUR5Pcit2Hn4d","comments":[],"doc_info":{"deleted_editors":null,"editors":["3499066115491536"],"option_modified":null,"options":["editors","create_time","edit_time"]},"hidden":false,"locked":false,"parent_id":"","revision_container_id":"HJNofmjxLdBxq9cD4SHckdaNnnd","revisions":[],"status":{"streaming":{"enabled":true,"expired_at":"1765260546","source":1,"operator_id":"3499066115491536"}},"text":{"apool":{"nextNum":2,"numToAttrib":{"0":["author","3499066115491536"],"1":["ai-extra","{\"is_ai_gen\":true}"]}},"initialAttributedTexts":{"attribs":{"0":"*0*1+m"},"text":{"0":"素养导向下跨学科主题学习的现实困境与实践反思"}}},"type":"page"}}},"payloadMap":{"QeAAfjzm1dzKdBckWODcsJCqnBh":{"level":1},"UKApfIFomdNSQEc1Pugceof4nHe":{"level":1},"GSqJfAH6XdBVIUc0wVscszcKnld":{"level":1},"IC44fcMsndJ75mcsMZrcSusxnHh":{"level":1},"KoXRfAQG7dmKrQc0qTicvR3hnUb":{"level":1},"F6jJfWhYhdAiwacIFxLcT2J0nZd":{"level":1}},"extra":{"channel":"saas","pasteRandomId":"50667a43-233f-4c13-a4ba-2cd4f85cd461","mention_page_title":{},"external_mention_url":{}},"isKeepQuoteContainer":false,"selection":[{"id":3,"type":"text","selection":{"start":2,"end":19},"recordId":"Qyo0fblYCd2SDIcHx2AcBwCNnWf"},{"id":4,"type":"text","selection":{"start":0,"end":20},"recordId":"WUqrf9MBYdFxQycVmbMc0EUenGC"},{"id":5,"type":"text","selection":{"start":0,"end":232},"recordId":"QeAAfjzm1dzKdBckWODcsJCqnBh"},{"id":6,"type":"text","selection":{"start":0,"end":107},"recordId":"UKApfIFomdNSQEc1Pugceof4nHe"},{"id":7,"type":"text","selection":{"start":0,"end":20},"recordId":"UvOCfq8UpdvrOYc2EXachxKwnyg"},{"id":8,"type":"text","selection":{"start":0,"end":228},"recordId":"GSqJfAH6XdBVIUc0wVscszcKnld"},{"id":9,"type":"text","selection":{"start":0,"end":117},"recordId":"IC44fcMsndJ75mcsMZrcSusxnHh"},{"id":10,"type":"text","selection":{"start":0,"end":20},"recordId":"Hv1Hf749rd7R5WciPKxcsU0hn8g"},{"id":11,"type":"text","selection":{"start":0,"end":263},"recordId":"KoXRfAQG7dmKrQc0qTicvR3hnUb"},{"id":12,"type":"text","selection":{"start":0,"end":20},"recordId":"QSOIfQcrddLxpnczGo5c2k8TnIh"},{"id":13,"type":"text","selection":{"start":0,"end":232},"recordId":"F6jJfWhYhdAiwacIFxLcT2J0nZd"}],"pasteFlag":"86e2a5c5-7a54-4661-bc39-b594a7982721"}" data-lark-record-format="docx/record" class="lark-record-clipboard">


版权所有:段玉裁实验小学城西分校 苏ICP备06023074号

地址:常州市金坛区西城路17号   电话0519-82851227 邮编:213200   

扫码关注城西小学